Article 12 Federal Constitution Malaysia

This is an unofficial consolidation. Federal constitution pa r t ix the judiciary article 121. Appointment of judges of federal court court of appeal and high courts 122c.

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Distinctive Features Of Federal Constitution

Art 12 Rights To Education

Examination Of The Content Of The Federal Constitution

A Duty To Protect The Federal Constitution Aliran

Constitution Of Malaysia Wikipedia

The federation was initially called the federation of malaya in malay persekutuan tanah melayu and it adopted its present name malaysia when the states of sabah sarawak and singapore now independent became part of the federation.

Article 12 federal constitution malaysia. 12 1 all persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law. Appointment of judicial commissioner 122b. The federal constitution of malaysia which came into force in 1957 is the supreme law of malaysia. The original constitution was first introduced as the constitution of the federation of malaya on merdeka day 31 august 1957 and subsequently introduced as the constitution of malaysia on malaysia day 16 september 1963.

Last amendment included here is the federal constitution amendment act 1995 which entered into force on 20 july 1995. Constitution of court of appeal 122a a. The constitution of the federation of malaya is the foundation of the federal constitution of malaysia today. It is stated in article 8 1 of the federal constitution of malaysia that every person shall be equal under the law and have equal protection of law.

The constitution establishes the federation as a. 2 notwithstanding anything in this constitution but subject to the provisions of article 40 note below and of this article the yang di pertuan agong shall exercise his functions under this constitution and federal law in such manner as may be necessary to safeguard the special position of the malays and natives of any of the states of sabah and sarawak and to ensure the reservation for. Reprieves and respites or of remitting suspending or commuting sentences under clause 12 of article 42. 2 except as expressly authorised by this constitution there shall be no discrimination against citizens of singapore on the ground only of religion race descent or place of birth.

Federal constitution article 103. Reservation of quotas in respect of services permits etc for malays and natives of any of the states of sabah and sarawak. Judicial power of the federation 122. Constitution of federal court 122a.

Federal constitution of malaysia. Powers and duties of auditor general. Contributions in aid of rates in respect of federal and state property. In the exercise of his functions under this constitution or federal law the yang di pertuan agong shall act in accordance with the advice of the cabinet or of a minister acting under.

Withdrawals from consolidated fund 105. Article 12 of the constitution of the republic of singapore is entitled equal protection and reads as follows. However it was not practised efficiently in the case of beatrice fernandez v sistem pernerbangan malaysia. Constitution of the high courts 122a b.

In this case beatrice was a stewardess of the malaysian airline system mas company. It is drafted by reid commission that headed by lord william reid in order to formulate a constitution for the preparation of a fully self governing and independent federation of malaya.